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LAPAROSCOPE A small telescope that can be inserted into a hole in the abdominal wall for viewing the internal organs; the instrument used to perform a laparoscopy. Used to diagnose and treat a number of fertility problems including endometriosis, abdominal adhesions, and polycystic ovaries. Also used in egg retrieval for in vitro fertilization. Examination of the pelvic region by using a laparoscope is called a laparoscopy.
LAPAROTOMY Major abdominal surgery where reproductive organ abnormalities can be corrected and fertility restored, such as tubal repairs and the removal of adhesions.
LEYDIG CELL The testicular cell that produces the male hormone testosterone. The Leydig cell is stimulated by LH from the pituitary gland.
LUTEAL PHASE Postovulatory phase of a womans cycle. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which cause the uterine lining to thicken to support the implantation and growth of the embryo.
LUTEAL PHASE DEFECT (OR DEFICIENCY) (LPD) A condition that occurs when the uterine lining does not develop adequately because of inadequate progesterone stimulation; or because of the inability of the uterine lining to respond to progesterone stimulation. LPD may prevent embryonic implantation or cause an early abortion.
LUTEINIZED UNRUPTURED FOLLICLE (LUF)SYNDROME A condition in which the follicle develops and changes into the corpus luteum without releasing the egg.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) A pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads. In the man LH is necessary for spermatogenesis (Sertoli cell function) and for the production of testosterone (Leydig cell function). In the woman LH is necessary for the production of estrogen. When oestrogen reaches a critical peak, the pituitary releases a surge of LH (the LH spike), which releases the egg from the follicle.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE SURGE (LH SURGE) The release of luteinizing hormone (LH) that causes release of a mature egg from the follicle. Ovulation test kits detect the sudden increase of LH, signaling that ovulation is about to occur (usually within 24-36 hours).
